(;
GM[1]FF[4]VW[]AP[Many Faces of Go:10.0]
SZ[19]
HA[0]
ST[0]
PB[Matthew Cocke]
PW[Matthew Macfadyen]
DT[1999-07-11]
PC[Erasmus Room, Queens' College, Cambridge, U.K.]
KM[5.5]
TM[180:00:00+10:00/10]
RU[Japanese]
RE[W+R]
SO[Recorded by Tim Hunt (1 dan).]
EV[British Go Championship Title Match 1999, Game 1.]
GN[British Go Championship Title Match 1999, Game 1]
BR[5 dan]
WR[6 dan]

C[(Comments by Tim Hunt, game referee.  My main duty was to produce
an accurate record of the game.  Since this did not require all
of my attention I also noted down how the time was passing during
the game.  I also noted when the players thought for significantly
longer than average about a particular move, but this was rather
subjective.  After the game the players replayed and discussed
it and so I have added some of the variations and comments that
I remember.  I expect that there will be a proper game commentary
in the British Go Journal in due course.  Actually I seem to
have added a lot of comments, mostly just trying to explain what
was going on.)

The game started at 9:55am.

Colours where decided by nigiri.  Matthew Macfadyen, as senior
player placed a handful of white stones on the board, hidden
by his hand.  Matthew Cocke placed a single black stone on the
board to indicate that he thought that Macfadyen had picked up
an odd number of stones.  Macfadyen lifted his hand to reveal
that Cocke had guessed correctly, and so Cocke played black.
Colours will alternate throughout the best of 5 match.

]SY[Cgoban 1.6.8];B[qd];W[pp];B[cc];W[cp];B[oc]
(;W[qj]
C[The books say "Empty corners, then corner enclosures, then side
extensions."  It is worth asking why white chooses not to make
a corner enclosure.  See the variation for an answer.
];B[fq];W[dq];B[iq];W[df]
C[The other big moves at this point are the extension towards the
shimari in the top right corner (R13 or R14) or the extension
across the bottom to put pressure on the black group there (L3).
];B[ed];W[dj]
(;B[id]
C[There is a good reason for black to make the slightly thin 3-space
extension.  See the variations.
]
(;W[kq]
C[This puts some pressure on the black group.  It is not a weak
group yet, but it could become one in future.  This means that
black would have to think very carefully before invading the
left hand side.  If black invades recklessly then black might
end up with 2 weak groups in the same part of the board - a good
way to lose a game of go.
];B[qg]
C[The last of the 3 big points referred to earlier.  It was agreed
that black was correct to make the 2-space extension here.  The
other option is the 3-space extension to R12.  This seems to
be less good because white is happy to answer with the 1 point
jump to P10, and then black is left with an embarrasing weakness
at R14.
];W[kc]
(;B[ic]
C[Both players agreed that this was the correct answer to the invasion.
];W[ke]
(;B[dh]
C[Black decides to extend the field of battle, rather than simply
attack the white group at the top.
];W[cd];B[dd];W[ce]
(;B[bc]
C[Whilst I was watching the game I was not terribly impressed with
white's contact move against the corner.  It seemed to me that
white had just made these three stones rather heavy.  However
it seems that there is some justification for playing these moves
now.

At this point the time was 10:25.

The next move was the first move in the game where either player
used a lot of time.  Most moves took no more than one or two
minutes, but some of the slower moves like the next one took
up to and over 5 minutes.
];W[ff]
(;B[fh]
C[Watching the game I thought that there was potential for white
to get into trouble if black is able to make a splitting move
like K14 which attacks both of the weak white groups at once.
White manages to eliminate this threat because the black stones
on the left side are also weak.


It was explained to us after the game that if black does attack
the two white stones at the top it is by no means certain that
white will try to save them.  See the variation.
];W[fd];B[fc];W[gg];B[fe]
C[It could be said that this move gives the game its particular
flavour.  Black has played 2 moves in answer to white's forcing
move at F16.  This is to make sure that the white stones stay
weak.  If black does not play this move then white may be able
to strengthen himself, or initiate some sort of trade, starting
with G17.  After this move each of the groups in the corners
at the top are about 20 points to black.  This gives black a
distinct territorial lead.  However this means that white gets
2 moves in a row in the running fight in the middle.  One could
say that the story of the game is "can white gain back enough
in the fighting to overcome black's territorial lead?"
];W[gh]
C[Time 10:40.
]
(;B[ej]
C[I did not like this black move because the move that white makes
in reply seems to give white a lot of help in turning the lower
left side into territory.
];W[dk];B[fj]
C[This is not the most active shape for black, but it is hard to
find anything better.
];W[eg]
C[However it does threaten to cut white so white has to make this
rather uninspiring forcing move.
];B[eh];W[fo];B[io]
C[This forcing exchange is to make sure that the two weakish black
groups don't have a simple way of joining up into one big strong
black group.  This also expands the white area on the left edge.
Of course in return this black move makes the white area in the
bottom right significantly smaller.
];W[jf]
C[White is now 90% connected or better.  At any rate this prevents
the splitting attack for now.  Of course even though it is now
one big white group it does not yet have 2 clear eyes.  Not much
of a problem at present, but something to think about as the
board fills up.
]
(;B[hj]
C[Defending before your opponent can launch a vicious attack is
often a good idea (think about white playing at this point).
There is another option here as well.
];W[pn]
C[Time 11:00

Matthew Cocke thought quite hard about the next move.
];B[do]
C[Not a move that had occured to me! 
];W[cn]
C[Matthew Cocke said that he had not seen this reply.  It is probably
the only good reply that white has.  Matthew Cocke did not know
what to do next in this part of the board and so left this as
a forcing exchange.  It is probably a good exchange for black.
Matthew Macfadyen suggested that black's next move might be C7,
either now, or as interesting aji for later.

Matthew Cocke thought quite hard about the next move.
];B[qq]
C[This invasion puts the territorial balance back in black's favour.
];W[pq];B[rp]
C[Time 11:20.

This is the standard move in this shape.
];W[qr];B[rr]
;W[qp];B[rq]
C[After this move black is essentially alive in the corner.

Roughly speaking the capture at Q2 and the jump to S6 are miai
to give black space for 2 eyes.  But there is some interesting
aji here.
]
(;W[hl];B[fl]
C[Some doubt was expressed about this move after the game.  The
issue is basically this: If black can connect his two groups
together then that is what he should do.  White will lose any
chance to attack, and so will probably lose the game.  If black
tries to connect and fails then black ends up split into two
truly weak groups and loses any chance of threatening to connect
in future.

Think about it like this: in go a good strategy is the splitting
attack.  You chase two of your opponents weak groups towards
each other and then drive a wedge between them.  This is such
a deadly tactic that some people advise never to have two weak
groups on the board at the same time.  If you try to connect
your groups and fail then you are just helping your opponent
to do a splitting attack.  If you have two weak groups that cannot
connect then it is normally better to move them as far apart
as possible.

In this situation it is very hard to tell if black can connect
or not. [TH\]

In reply to Tim Hunt, Barry Phease wrote:
Certainly is [an interesting game\].  Particularly your comments
help give some of the atmosphere.

It seems that the 50, 51 exchange was the turning point of the
game.  Before 50 the game seems good for black.  50 is the sort
of move you play when nothing else is good enough to win.  (Asking
your opponent to  let you win).  51 seems to be what white wanted
to see.

In the following exchanges black sought to secure all his groups
by running them into the centre, but of course this helped white
by making thickness.  A better strategy for black would have
been to have looked for local life for his top group particularly.
[BP\]

]LB[hl:50]
;W[em];B[hm]
C[The next move was the slowest move in the game.  It was at this
point that Matthew Macfadyen worked out/reminded himself of the
aji in the bottom right corner.  He also had to think about whether
he should really go through with the plan of trying to cut black,
but it seems that if white cannot cut and cause a fight in the
middle then white just does not have enough territory to win.
Finally white had to think about the best way to try and cut.
];W[gm];B[gl]
C[Time 11:55.
It is not clear that this is the best move for black.  It might
be better for black to push at F7 first to see how white answers.
After that it might turn out to be better to play J8 instead
of this move.  It is all very complicated and I don't have a
clue.

Matthew Macfadyen thought hard about the next move too.
];W[il]
C[Matthew Cocke thought hard about the next move.
];B[im];W[gn]
C[This makes a suprisingly strong shape for white.  There are all
sorts of ways for black to prod at white but white just does
not seem to be going to fall apart, either now or later.

Matthew Cocke thought hard about the next move.
]
;B[jl]
C[The time had not reached 12:25 so it was time for lunch.  The
next move (60) was the sealed move.  Matthew Cocke went and stared
out of the window whilst Matthew Macfadyen wrote his move on
a piece of paper which was sealed in an envelope.

At lunch time Matthew Macfadyen had 1:32 left on his clock. 
Matthew Cocke had 1:57 left on his clock.
];W[ik]
C[At 1:30pm, after lunch, Matthew Cocke opened the envelope to
reveal that Matthew Macfadyen had chosen to play here.  
];B[ii];W[jk];B[ig]
C[It is still interesting to ask whether white is connected.
];W[if];B[jm];W[kk];B[ki];W[jh]
;B[ji];W[mk]
C[Time 1:40.
];B[mi]
C[This was another moment at which black could go the other way
with C13.
];W[gi]
C[White is trying to ensure that he cannot be cut.
];B[gj];W[ni];B[nh];W[nj];B[mh]
C[Matthew Macfadyen thought hard about the next move.
];W[hi]
C[
]
;B[ij];W[nc]
C[White is trying to make a little bit more eye-shape in sente.

Time 2:00pm.
];B[nb]
C[Matthew Macfadyen thought hard about the next move.
];W[mb];B[ob]
C[It was agreed that if black is going to connect here then it
is probably a mistake to exchange 81 for 82 (O18 for N18).  Matthew
Cocke had been thinking of playing the cut at N17 instead of
this move but decided it was too difficult to read out and so
too risky.

Matthew Macfadyen thought hard about the next move.
];W[jq];B[ir]
C[Matthew Cocke made this move rather quickly.  It is probably
a mistake.  One space to the left at H2  makes better eye-shape.

Time 2:15pm.
];W[hp]
C[Matthew Cocke thought hard about the next move.

Basically black has to connect because if white captures the
stones in the middle then white has enough territory to win easily.
But is there a more interesting move than the simple connection
which makes more eye-shape?  G4 may be possible.
];B[ip];W[gr]
C[Matthew Cocke thought hard about the next move.
]
;B[lq];W[lr]
C[Time 2:30.
];B[lp];W[mr];B[kp];W[pr]
C[White at last opens hostilities against the corner.  The idea
is that black can probably save one of his groups, but he really
needs to save both and that may prove to be impossible.

Notice that white could have chosen a different plan.  White
could have blocked at S5 instead, in sente, then played some
attaching moves agains the black groups at the bottom.  This
would have let him build up some territory centered around Q7.
The question is, if white follows this plan can he get enough
territory to win?  It is a difficult question.  White preferred
to try to win by fighting.
];B[rn];W[rm]
C[Matthew Cocke thought hard about the next move.
];B[rs];W[lm]
C[Notice that white is careful not to commit himself to killing
either group until he can decide which one is more likely to
die.  

Black could have played the peep at M8 before white played here,
but black wanted to keep open the possibility of playing the
wedge at M9.
]
;B[gq];W[fr]
C[Time 2:40.
];B[hq]
C[This is not necesarily a good move.  It may be better to play
G5 first.  Then if white decides to give up his stone at H4 there
is no need to play a connection here.  I think that if black
is going to connect here then it is worth forcing at E3 first.

Matthew Macfadyen thought hard about the next move.  Black's
last move does not threaten to capture the two white stones at
F2 and G2 so white could ignore it.  However white is starting
to look a little bit thin around here and nearer the centre of
the board.  So white feels the need to defend and wants to find
the best defensive move.
];W[eq];B[ln]
C[Matthew Macfadyen thought hard about the next move.
];W[mn];B[kn]
C[At this point both the black groups are unsettled.  That is they
can both live with one more move and both can be killed with
one more move.  For the group in the middle of the bottom H6
is the vital point for both players.  However if black tries
to kill either group it can start trying to wriggle out so it
is not a clean kill.
];W[sr]
C[Matthew Cocke thought hard about the next move.  He has to find
the best way to try to escape into the centre.
];B[qm];W[rl]
;B[qn];W[qo]
C[Time 2:55.
];B[ro];W[sn];B[pm];W[nm]
C[White is still trying to make sure that one of the two white
groups die, rather than trying to kill a particular one.
];B[qk];W[rk];B[pj];W[ql]
;B[on];W[no]
C[Time 3:10.
];B[om];W[pk];B[oo];W[np];B[nl]
C[Time 3:20.
];W[mm]
C[Matthew Cocke thought hard about the next move.
];B[ok];W[pi]
C[Matthew Cocke thought hard about the next move.
]
;B[lk]
C[By now it has become clear that black can save either group.
But if he saves one then white kills the other so he probably
loses.  So black is squirming around trying to find a way out.
Matthew Macfadyen commented Matthew Cocke squirmed around far
more effectively that he had thought was possible.
];W[po]
C[Time 3:35.
];B[oj];W[oi];B[ml];W[ll];B[lj]
C[So now the black group in the middle of the bottom is alive because
black can either capture 5 white stones with L8 or make 2 eyes
with H6.  Of course in the endgame white will try to play L8
forcing black to play H6, and so save his 5 stones in sente.

The black group in the bottom right corner is dead.  White has
ensured that the white group at the bottom has 2 eyes.  It is
more interesting to ask whether the white group on the right
edge is 100% alive (it seems that in fact it is).  But even if
it is not totally alive there is some sort of capturing race
between it and the corner.  Now the only way for white to lose
is to have his group at the top captured.  Where to defend, that
is the quesiton.

Matthew Macfadyen thought hard about the next move.
];W[pg]
C[This is quite a clever move.  It is enough to ensure that the
the white group on the right lives.  It also stretches out a
helping hand ot the white group at the top.

Matthew Cocke resigned.

Matthew Macfadyen had 0:30 left on his clock.
Matthew Cocke had 0:44 left on his clock.

Time 3:45.


The variation shown what happens if black tries to attack the
white group at the top.
];B[ih]
C[Black starts here threatening to cut.
]
(;W[hf]
C[If white connects ...
];B[cg]
C[Black can remove all of the eyes on this side.  Can white make
2 eyes at the top? Good question.
])
(;W[cg];B[hf];W[ch]
C[But in the game white has killed black in the bottom right so
it is enough just to make certain that half of the group lives
(whilst taking territory on the edge).  Black can capture the
rest of the group, but because white is pushing into his territory
with Q13, and can probably push further in sente by threatening
to save the dead stones, this is not enough.
]))
(;W[pr]
C[If white connects ...
];B[rn];W[rm];B[rs]
C[...  black does not quite have 2 eyes yet.  White can try to
kill ...
];W[sr];B[qm];W[rl];B[qn];W[qo]
;B[ro];W[sn];B[pm];W[on]
C[...  but black bursts out into the middle so it is not a good
idea for white to try this.  Of course if ever white becomes
strong in the centre ...
])
(;W[tt];B[qo];W[po]
C[If black gets the chance then this forcing exchange is a way
to ensure 2 eyes in the corner.
]))
(;B[cg]
C[This move removes potential eyes from the white group above and
makes possibly eyes for the black group.  Especially since black
can almost threaten to connect to the corner above.  Throughout
the analysis the players kept coming back to this move as one
that black might consider playing.
]))
(;B[fi]
C[I think that black would prefer to play here which does not streangthen
the left side.  Black willprobably be able to invade there later.
The problem is that white can probably connect underneath with
C12 so this is no good for black.
]))
(;B[ld];W[kd];B[jf]
C[If black does attack at any point, then white does not necessarily
have to run away with these stones but can sacrifice them instead.
This is because of some aji in the corner.
];W[pc]
C[This is a standard white probe.  It is not really an invasion
because black can keep the corner territory, but in return white
gets to make some eyes for his group on the edge (variation 1).
So if black is serious about capturing the stones on the edge
then he has to answer the probe with a move that builds strength
on the outside, but then white can live (with a ko I believe)
in the corner.

This sort of thinking is one of the things that Matthew Macfadyen
teaches in his role as go tutor.

I'm afraid that I don't know the standard sequences but the variations
show sort of what might happen.
]
(;B[pd];W[ob];B[pb];W[nc];B[od];W[mb]
C[If black hangs on to the corner then white gets eye-shape on
the edge.
])
(;B[od]
C[
];W[qc];B[pd];W[rd];B[re];W[rb];B[sd];W[sc];B[rc]
C[If black is serious about attacking on the outside then white
can get a ko for life in the corner.
])))
(;B[db]
C[After a few more moves in the game it starts to seem as if black
would have preferred to connect here.  This allows white a little
bit more eye-shape on the left edge and gives black slightly
less of the corner territory.  On the other hand it gives black
slightly better shape which means that the wide 3-space gap in
the group is less of a worry.
]))
(;B[ld];W[kd];B[jf]
C[This was thought to be the way to attack.  Presumably black can
build a bit of thickness in the middle, or a bit of territory
in the top right corner, whilst attacking, but by then the white
group has safely connected out and something different would
happen next.  That would be a different game.
]))
(;B[ke]
C[I asked about this capping move as a way for black to build thickness
...
];W[ib];B[hc];W[mc]
C[but then white can live too easily and now the 2-space extension
on the right looks too narrow.
])
(;B[jc];W[kd];B[mc]
C[Matthew Cocke said that he had also considered this.
]))
(;W[kc]
C[It is to do with this invasion point.
];B[ic]
C[In the game black can answer here.  White's stone does not have
much space and so will probably become a weak group.
]))
(;B[hd]
C[With the slightly more conservative 2-space extension ...
];W[jc]
C[...  if white ever invades ...
];B[hc];W[mc]
C[...  white has room for a 2-space extension and so can make a
relatively stable group.  Black would have to find some other
way to answer the invasion which is difficult.  This is why black
played the 3-space extension in the game.
]))
(;W[eq]
C[If white makes a corner enclosure then it starts to look like
mirror go, but ...
];B[qj];W[cj];B[qn];W[cf]
C[...  but because of the difference between the 3-3 point and
the 4-4 point the black moves start to be worth more than the
white moves.  White will have to break the symmetry sooner or
later and in the game white chooses sooner.
]))
